A large complex winepress, excavated at Mishmar Ha-‘Emeq, represents the peak in the development of winepresses in the country toward the end of the Byzantine period. Several winepresses of this type have been excavated throughout the country: in the Negev, in the southern coastal plain and in the Carmel. Although they are not identical, they functioned in a similar manner and were connected technologically. They all have five common characteristics: a large treading floor, two connecting vats, one intermediate vat, a screw press or other devices for secondary pressing and auxiliary floors. This elaborate plan allowed for industrial production of wine.