The Gane Ṭal site is located in the southeastern part of the Israeli coastal plain and comprises two major soil groups: red sandy (ḥusmas) or non-calcareous (ḥamra) soils; and brown grumusols (vertisols). The occurrence of two soil types in a sequence is evidence of changes in environmental conditions. This study aimed at examining the sedimentological environment of the site before and during the period of ancient occupation, to assess the possibility that environmental conditions changed during that time span.