The site sets no cookies and runs no analytics or advertising. It can keep only two things in this browser: your decision here, so that you are not asked again, and, if you allow it, your reading adjustments (text size, contrast, spacing, underlined links and reduced motion) for your next visit.
Without this, adjustments apply to the current page only and reset when you move to another page. No name, identifier, timestamp or page list is stored, and nothing is sent to the server.
The decision itself is always stored, as one key in the browser’s local storage (atiqot.consent.v1), even when you choose not to save adjustments. You can change it at any time in the reading and privacy tools or through the link at the bottom of every page. Operational cookies of the hosting or security provider are outside the site’s control.
Selected case studies and useful reading questions: what was found, how was it studied and what follows from the evidence?
The articles and guides here connect case studies with methods: layers and dating, critical reading, pottery, coins, inscriptions and raw materials. Choose a question, then follow the sources and related reading. Checking an abstract is never presented as reviewing an entire paper.
According to UNESCO, Shahr-i Sokhta was founded about 3200 BCE at a junction of Bronze Age trade routes, was populated in four main periods up to 1800 BCE, and was abandoned in the early second millennium. What the page explains about the abandonment, and what it does not.
According to the Met's timeline, an Elamite dynasty from Shimashki overthrew the Third Dynasty of Ur about 2000-1900 BCE. Where Shimashki lay, how another source dates the dynasty, and why the event falls on the boundary between two pages.
The Met's timeline describes the Sukkalmah ("grand regent") dynasty as ruling the Zagros highlands and the Susiana plain about 1900-1500 BCE, and the Encyclopaedia Iranica describes the settlements of the same period. Where the two sources agree, and where they do not.
3 min read, approximately
Reading, accessibility & privacy tools
Adjust the reading experience to suit you. These tools complement your browser and device accessibility settings. Changes apply to this page; they are kept for another visit only if you allowed that in the privacy dialog.
Your choices apply to this page only. Moving to another page restores the defaults.