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• Antiquities and archaeology of the Land of Israel

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• Periods
• Finds
• Sites and places
• Articles and guides
• Research and publications
• Objects
• Cultures
• Trails
• Museums

Periods

• The Iron Age
• The Roman period, up close
• The Late Pottery Neolithic: an open boundary
• The Chalcolithic: villages and crafts
• The Early Chalcolithic: defining a transition
• The Neolithic: home, food and material
• The Bronze Age: cities and connections
• The Persian period: empire and local life
• The Hellenistic period: moving forms, local traditions
• The Byzantine period: city, trade and sea
• The early Islamic period: rule and commerce
• The Middle Ages: building, water and reuse
• The Babylonian period: Judah and Benjamin after 586
• The Aceramic Neolithic in Cyprus: a frame counted in millennia
• The Archaic period in Cyprus: a palace and a lampstand
• The Bronze Age in Cyprus: three phases, three divisions
• The Ceramic Neolithic in Cyprus: a documented gap
• The Chalcolithic in Cyprus: the 2500 BCE boundary
• The Classical period in Cyprus: up to the end of the kingdoms
• The Early Bronze Age in Cyprus: ending in 2000 or 1900 BCE
• Cyprus from the Geometric to the Classical period: three periods on one page
• The Geometric period in Cyprus: a tripod and a temple
• The Late Bronze Age in Cyprus: a boundary crossed
• The Middle Bronze Age in Cyprus: up to a century apart
• The Neolithic in Cyprus: two phases in one table
• Cyprus in the period of the Arab raids: few dated remains
• The Byzantine period in Cyprus: painted churches in the Troodos
• Early Christian and Byzantine Cyprus: three periods in one group
• The Early Christian period in Cyprus: basilicas of the 5th and 6th centuries
• Frankish and Venetian Cyprus: 1191 to 1571, with a disputed end
• The Frankish period in Cyprus: military orders and royal patronage
• The Hellenistic period in Cyprus: a new city at Paphos
• The Roman period in Cyprus: a public centre and a house
• The Venetian period in Cyprus: Troodos churches and a disputed end date
• The Early Dynastic period in Egypt: royal tombs and their dates
• The First Intermediate Period in Egypt: two competing dynasties
• The Middle Kingdom of Egypt: reunification from Thebes
• The Neolithic in Egypt: between domestication and fishing
• The Old Kingdom of Egypt: the pyramids of Giza and Saqqara
• The Predynastic period in Egypt: from Badari to Naqada III
• The Second Intermediate Period in Egypt: Hyksos in the north, Thebes in the south
• The Late Period in Egypt: Assyria, Persia and the Greeks
• The New Kingdom of Egypt: Memphis and Thebes
• Macedonian and Ptolemaic Egypt: a new capital by the sea
• Roman rule in Egypt: emperors as successors to the pharaohs
• The Third Intermediate Period in Egypt: divided rule, a disputed end
• Ayyubid Egypt: a citadel, a madrasa and a double end
• Byzantine rule in Egypt: a rule in two spans
• Early Islamic Egypt: six rules in three centuries
• Fatimid Egypt: a new capital and its gates
• Mamluk Egypt: foundations that perpetuated a patron's name
• Sasanian rule in Egypt: dates without finds
• The Chalcolithic in Mesopotamia: from Ubaid to Uruk
• The Early Bronze Age in Mesopotamia: city-states, Akkad and Ur
• The early Iron Age in Mesopotamia: a bridging row
• The Late Bronze Age in Mesopotamia: Mitanni, Middle Assyrian and Kassite
• The Middle Bronze Age in Mesopotamia: Old Assyrian and Old Babylonian
• The Neo-Assyrian period: capitals and reliefs
• The Neolithic in Mesopotamia: from farming communities to pottery styles
• Achaemenid Mesopotamia: Persian rule from Cyrus to Alexander
• Early Islamic and Abbasid Mesopotamia: from the Arab conquest to 1258
• Macedonian and Seleucid Mesopotamia: from Alexander to the Parthians
• Mesopotamia from the Ilkhanids to the Aq Quyunlu: Baghdad as a provincial capital
• The Neo-Babylonian period: from kingdom to empire
• Parthian Mesopotamia: Arsacid rule from Ctesiphon
• Sasanian Mesopotamia: Ctesiphon until the coming of Islam
• The Chalcolithic in Iran: from villages to centres
• The Early Bronze Age in Iran: from Susa to Shahr-i Sokhta
• The Neolithic in Iran: herds, clay vessels and figurines
• The Middle Bronze Age and Old Elamite period in Iran: two Elamite dynasties
• Elam: the Middle Elamite and Neo-Elamite periods
• Iron Age I in Iran: a label before iron
• Iron Age II in Iran: Hasanlu IV and the first iron
• Iron Age III in Iran: bronzes, local pottery and two end dates
• The Iron Age in northern and western Iran
• The Middle Elamite period: two starting dates
• The Neo-Elamite period: two phases, a city and a tomb
• Achaemenid Iran: from Cyrus II to Alexander's conquest
• Early Islamic Iran: caliphs and Iranian dynasties
• Mongol and Ilkhanid Iran: a palace and a mausoleum
• Parthian Iran: from Arsaces I to Ardashir I
• Sasanian Iran: cities, sanctuaries and royal silver
• Seleucid Iran: 247 BCE and after
• Seljuq and Khwarazmshah Iran: a mosque and mausolea
• Iran from the Muzaffarids to the Timurids and Turkmen: overlapping dynasties
• The Bronze Age in the Aegean: three phases, three subregions
• The Early Bronze Age in the Aegean: Helladic, Cycladic, Minoan
• The Early Iron Age and Protogeometric period in the Aegean: cemeteries and a cult centre
• The Early Iron Age and Geometric period in the Aegean: cemeteries and sanctuaries
• The Geometric period in the Aegean: two dates for one name
• The Late Bronze Age in the Aegean: Minoans, Mycenaeans and an eruption
• The Middle Bronze Age in the Aegean: palaces on Crete, graves at Dimini
• The Neolithic in the Aegean: from Sesklo to Dimini
• The Archaic period in the Aegean: statues, vessels and sanctuaries
• Byzantine Greece and the Aegean: from the New Rome to 1204
• The Classical period in the Aegean: Athens and the rise of Macedonia
• The Hellenistic period in the Aegean: years shared with Roman rule
• Latin rule and the late Byzantine Aegean: an end that differs by place
• Roman rule in Greece: from Corinth in 146 BCE to the New Rome
• The Bronze Age in Anatolia: three rows from two timeline pages
• The Chalcolithic in Anatolia: continuity and copper
• The Early Bronze Age in Anatolia: metals, tombs and citadels
• The Late Bronze Age in Anatolia: the Hittite period
• The Late Chalcolithic in eastern Anatolia: a row with a UNESCO label
• The Middle Bronze Age in Anatolia: the Assyrian Colony period
• The Neolithic in Anatolia: two phases on one page
• The Pottery Neolithic in Anatolia: a short row and disputed dates
• The Pre-Pottery Neolithic in Anatolia: monuments and villages before pottery
• Achaemenid Anatolia: Persian rule and local monuments
• The beyliks, the early Ottomans and Trebizond: from principalities to empire
• Byzantine Anatolia: beyond the capital
• Hellenistic Anatolia: from Alexander to the bequest to Rome
• The Iron Age in Anatolia: from the Hittite collapse to Persian rule
• Roman Anatolia: from the bequest of Pergamon to 330 CE
• Seljuqs, Crusaders and Armenians in Anatolia: overlapping powers

Kinds of finds

• Inscriptions: read the text as an object
• Pottery: beyond the silhouette
• Coins: minting, use and deposition
• Weapons: form, use and context
• Glass: reading the technique
• Amulets and scarabs: one form, two kinds of record
• Ships and boats: wood, sea and lake

Documented objects

• Cypriot amphora with a Phoenician inscription
• Canaanite jar
• Roman terracotta oil lamp
• Syrian glass jug with cobalt trails
• Scarab with a crocodile-headed figure
• Lachish Letter VIII
• The Tel Dan stele: "House of David"
• The Ma'agan Mikhael ship
• The ancient Galilee boat from Ginosar
• Cypriot jug with white-painted decoration
• Bronze spearhead from Cyprus
• Ivory plaque from Nimrud with two sphinxes
• Gold daric with a king
• Bronze coin of Cyzicus
• Small serpentinite axe from Crete
• Roman mold-blown glass jug
• Scarab amulet from Lisht
• Shabti from the tomb of Sennedjem
• Hexagonal glass jug of the Jerusalem type
• Ivory figurine of a man from Beersheba (Safadi)
• The plastered Jericho skull
• Lidded box of Muhammad al-Hamawi
• Necklace centerpiece with birds
• Cypriot bronze lampstand
• Cypriot terracotta tripod
• Hippopotamus ("William")
• Model Bakery and Brewery from the Tomb of Meketre
• Standing male worshiper from Tell Asmar
• Panel with a striding lion from Babylon
• Stucco window roundel from Ctesiphon
• Kneeling bull holding a spouted vessel
• Wall painting with a female figure from Nishapur
• Plate with a king hunting rams
• Early Cycladic marble female figure
• Minoan terracotta larnax
• Marble statue of a kouros (youth)
• Vessel terminating in the forepart of a stag
• Cuneiform tablet and case: quittance for a loan in silver

Cultures

• Wadi Rabah: one culture, two sub-periods
• Ancient Egypt: a culture with a chronology of its own

Trails

• Three inscriptions, three museums
• Objects for the afterlife
• Ancient ships in the north
• Trade across the sea
• Light and glass at home

Museums

• The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York

Places

• Jerusalem: objects within a city
• Nazareth: place, house and sequence
• Newe Yam and the Carmel coast: landscape, settlement and sea

Articles and reading guides

• Nazareth: reading a settlement through its layers
• Names and sums on a stone in Jerusalem
• Jerusalem ivories: craft, decoration and connections
• Slingstones: from repeated form to organised production
• How are archaeological finds dated?
• How to read archaeological research
• Reading layers: how an archaeological sequence is built
• Coins and hoards: date, context and economy
• Reading an ancient inscription: from mark to claim
• Pottery: from production to use and dating
• Materials and exchange: reading connections between places
• Held, displayed, on loan: how to read a museum record
• A mummy is not an exhibit: how museums display human remains
• The Levant in six stops: from slingstones to an aqueduct
• Hazor: a Middle Bronze Age city-state
• The 'Ain Ghazal statues: the human figure in lime plaster
• The En Gedi temple: structure, plaster and paint
• Hishuley Carmel: evidence for table olives
• The Jericho tower: building in stone before pottery
• Kfar Samir: evidence for olive-oil extraction
• The Nahal Mishmar hoard: technique is not use
• Sha'ar Hagolan: when decoration becomes a tool of classification
• Tel Hreiz: a boulder wall at a submerged village
• The Church of the Nativity: a foundation of Helena's pilgrimage
• Dor in the Persian period: a Phoenician town on a street grid
• Jerusalem's pottery: a transitional assemblage of the Babylonian period
• Khirbat al-Mafjar: an Umayyad desert palace
• Maresha: a city of Idumea under Ptolemies, Seleucids and Hasmoneans
• Mizpah and Benjamin: the seat of rule under Babylon
• Idalion: a royal palace that became an administrative centre
• Kalavasos-Tenta: not only Khirokitia
• Khirokitia: a walled village
• Kissonerga-Mosphilia: the Pithos House between two dates
• Kissonerga-Mylouthkia: wells of the Aceramic Neolithic
• Kissonerga-Skalia: the Early and Middle Bronze Age as one unit
• Kition: from the Kathari temples to the temple of Astarte
• Kition-Pampoula: ostraca of the 4th century BCE
• Maa-Palaeokastro: destruction, rebuilding, abandonment
• Palaepaphos: the sanctuary of Aphrodite from the 12th century BCE
• Souskiou: settlement and cemeteries in the Chalcolithic
• Tamassos: a city sold to Kition
• Agios Georgios, Pegeia: three basilicas and a bath of the 6th century
• Agios Lazaros, Larnaka: a church dated by tradition
• Agios Nikolaos tis Stegis: a church and its layers of painting
• Asinou: what a dated dedicatory inscription tells
• Hala Sultan Tekke: a late memorial to the 7th-century raids
• Kolossi: a commandery of the military orders
• The Early Christian basilica at Kourion: one church, two centuries
• The Roman agora at Kourion: a public centre and its date
• Nea Paphos: a new city and a Ptolemaic centre
• The Church of the Transfiguration, Palaichori: a timber-roofed church of the Troodos
• Panagia Podithou, Galata: a church of 1502 under Venetian rule
• The Paphos castle: built by the Franks, blown up by the Venetians
• The House of Dionysos at Paphos: between building and earthquakes
• The Tombs of the Kings at Paphos: a necropolis without kings
• The Royal Chapel at Pyrga: a crowned couple at the foot of the Cross
• Avaris: the Hyksos capital at Tell el-Dabʿa
• The Badarian cemeteries: burial before the dynasties
• Dra' Abu el-Naga: the Theban cemetery of Dynasty 17
• The Fayum Neolithic: what a "full Neolithic" means
• Giza: stone, pyramids and the state
• Heracleopolis: the northern capital of Dynasties 9 and 10
• Hierakonpolis: a Predynastic centre in the south
• Memphis and its necropolis: from mastaba to pyramid
• Merimde Beni Salama: a human face from the Delta
• Umm el-Qaab: dating the royal tombs of Abydos
• Alexandria: a capital turned toward the Mediterranean
• The Temple of Horus at Edfu: 180 years of building
• Egypt under a Persian satrap: Dynasty 27
• Hatshepsut's temple: a royal funerary temple in western Thebes
• Karanis: three levels of a Graeco-Roman town
• The Hypostyle Hall at Karnak: begun by one king, completed by another
• The Libyan dynasty and the fragmentation: Egypt after 945 BCE
• Naukratis: a Greek trading settlement in the Delta
• Panel portraits in Roman Egypt: peak and end
• Tanis and Thebes: kings beside high priests
• Abu Mena: a pilgrimage site from Byzantine to Arab rule
• Al-Fustat: the garrison town that became part of Cairo
• The mosque of al-Hakim: a mosque in Fatimid ceremony
• Cairo and al-Azhar: a city, a mosque and a place of learning
• The Citadel of Cairo: two dates for its beginning
• The Fatimid gates of Cairo: architects from Edessa and the city walls
• The mosque of Ibn Tulun: Abbasid influence from Iraq in Cairo
• Qaitbay's funerary complex: a sultan's tomb and the city in his time
• The complex of Qalawun: wealth and name in Mamluk patronage
• Saint Catherine's Monastery, Sinai: a monastery that kept its function
• The madrasa and mausoleum of Salih Najm al-Din Ayyub: at the close of Ayyubid rule
• The complex of Sultan Hasan: a building project begun in 1356
• From Ashur to Kanesh: how a transaction leaves a trace
• Ashur: a first capital across six centuries
• Dur Sharrukin (Khorsabad): Sargon II's new capital
• Eridu: temple upon temple
• Hassuna: a pottery style named after a site
• Jarmo: what counts as evidence of domestication
• Kalhu (Nimrud): the palace of Ashurnasirpal II
• Mari: a palace that is also an archive
• Nuzi: the archive of a medium-sized town in the Mitanni kingdom
• The prisms of Tiglath-pileser I: a royal text from Ashur
• Ur: luxury materials in the graves and claims of trade
• Uruk: mass production, record keeping and decorated buildings
• Ashur in the Parthian period: burials and a four-iwan palace
• Babylon: a Neo-Babylonian capital, mostly unexcavated
• Baghdad after 1258: from caliphal capital to provincial capital
• Taq-i Kisra at Ctesiphon: the Sasanian arch still standing
• The Cyrus Cylinder: a conqueror presents himself
• Hatra: an Arab kingdom under Parthian influence
• The Mirjan complex in Baghdad: a Jalayirid madrasa and caravanserai
• The Murashu archive: a date-supply contract from Nippur
• The Mustansiriyya Madrasa: an Abbasid college in Baghdad
• Samarra: a short-lived Abbasid capital
• Seleucia on the Tigris: a Hellenistic city in four levels
• Ali Kosh and Ganj Dareh: early herding and clay vessels in Iran
• Hajji Firuz: painted pottery and contact with Mesopotamia
• Shahr-i Sokhta: rise and abandonment of a city in eastern Iran
• The Shimashki dynasty: Elam and the fall of the Third Dynasty of Ur
• The Sukkalmah dynasty: Elamite rule in the highlands and the plain
• Susa: an early centre of the late fifth millennium BCE
• Tall-e Bakun A: a late prehistoric community before the state in Fars
• Chogha Zanbil: a ziggurat between two dates
• Hasanlu V-IV: the Iron Age as a cultural label
• The first iron objects in Iran: the 9th century BCE
• Luristan bronzes: a region with a sequence of its own
• The Marlik cemetery: rich tombs without a known settlement
• Nush-i Jan, Godin II, Baba Jan and Ziwiye: pottery and polities
• Susa and Kabnak: royal building in the Middle Elamite period
• Neo-Elamite Susa: levels, a sack and what remains
• Bisotun: the inscription of Darius I
• The Darb-i Imam in Isfahan: building beyond the capital
• Gonbad-e Qabus: a tomb tower of 1006
• The Masjed-e Jame of Isfahan: the Seljuq phase
• Kharraqan: mausolea dated 1067 and 1093
• Laodicea at Nahavand: tracing a Greek temple
• Pasargadae: the first dynastic capital of the Achaemenids
• Persepolis: a royal terrace built under three kings
• The Sasanian landscape of Fars: a new dynasty's cities
• The Shami statue: an intact Parthian bronze
• Soltaniyeh: the mausoleum of Oljaytu
• The Blue Mosque in Tabriz: a commission of Jahanshah's reign
• Takht-e Soleyman: a Sasanian sanctuary rebuilt under the Ilkhanids
• Aigai (Vergina): from burial mounds to a royal palace
• Delphi: the beginnings of the sanctuary and the oracle
• Dimini: six stone enclosures and two dates
• The Kerameikos: a cemetery that kept growing
• Keros: deposits of broken figurines
• Knossos and Phaistos: the first palaces of Crete
• Lefkandi: a large building beside the Toumba cemetery
• Mycenae and Tiryns: the walls of palatial centres
• Olympia: a valley that became a sanctuary of Zeus
• Sesklo: early farming and a megaron house
• The Thera eruption: a disaster and a disputed date
• The Antikythera Mechanism: a findspot is not a workshop
• Red-figure: a new way of painting vessels in Athens
• The Athenian wall of 280 CE: fortifying after the Gothic raids
• Daphni, Hosios Loukas and Nea Moni: mosaics on a gold ground
• Delos: from sacred island to free port
• Epidaurus: how a healing sanctuary developed
• Mount Athos: how a monastic centre took shape
• Mystras: a Frankish fortress that became a Byzantine city
• The Olympieion: Hadrian completes a temple in Athens
• The Parthenon: architects, orders and marble
• Philippi: from Macedonian city to Roman colony
• Rhodes: the fortified city of the Order of St John
• The Royal Tombs of Alaca Höyük: what is known of the buried
• Arslantepe: a Late Chalcolithic palace complex
• Barcın Höyük: an early farming community in northwest Anatolia
• Boncuklu Höyük: a village of mud-brick houses
• Çatalhöyük, East Mound: eighteen levels and two dates
• Çatalhöyük, West Mound: the Chalcolithic continuation
• Göbekli Tepe: monuments built by hunter-gatherers
• Hattusa and Yazılıkaya: a Hittite capital and a rock sanctuary
• Troy I-II: a citadel that grew in the Early Bronze Age
• Ani: the rise and decline of an Armenian capital
• Aphrodisias: a city of marble and sculptors
• Bursa and Cumalıkızık: how the first Ottoman capital was built
• The Great Mosque of Bursa: the patronage of Bayezid I
• The Great Mosque and Hospital of Divriği: a couple's foundation
• The Basilica of Saint John at Ephesus: Justinian's six domes
• Ephesus: a port city designated capital
• Gordion: what remains of the Phrygian capital
• Göreme and Cappadocia: monasticism cut into the rock
• Konya: a palace and a mosque in the Seljuq capital
• The earliest coinage: a Lydian ruler, possibly Croesus
• The Mausoleum of Halikarnassos: a royal tomb in Karia
• Nemrut Dağ: the temple-tomb of a king of Commagene
• Pergamon: a Hellenistic capital on a hillside
• Xanthos-Letoon: an inscription in three languages
• The Arjan tomb: a late Neo-Elamite elite burial near Behbahan
• Bisotun after Darius: a Seleucid Heracles and Parthian reliefs

Studies in the library

• The slingstone study from ‘En Zippori and ‘En Esur
• The study of the inscribed ossuary lid from Jerusalem
• The Newe Yam sword study
• The study of Site 49 in Ramot, Be’er Sheva‘
• The study of the Umayyad aqueduct to Ramla near Na‘an
• The publication on Solomon’s Stables, Temple Mount, 1999-2001
• Nazareth in the Iron Age and Early Roman period
• Were there Jewish gladiators?
• Iron Age ivories from Jerusalem
• Jaffa harbor: seawalls, wharfs and a changing shore
• The Kabri salvage excavation: fortifications and settlement
• Early Islamic qanat systems in the Arava
• Two Greek mosaic inscriptions at Shuni theater
• Identifying the wood of the ancient Galilee boat
• The plastered pool beside Siloam Pool
• Purification and bathing: Siloam and Solomon’s pools
• The Qula coin hoard and its accompanying catalogue

Volumes and contents

• Atiqot - volume 111 (2023)
• Atiqot - volume 98 (2020)
• Atiqot - volume 100 (2020)
• Atiqot - volume 106 (2022)
• Atiqot - volume 60 (2008)
• Atiqot - volume 50 (2005)
• Atiqot - volume 74 (2013)
• Atiqot - volume 54 (2006)
• Atiqot - volume 79 (2014)
• Atiqot - volume 55 (2007)

Information and guides

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