Civilization · Egypt

Ancient Egypt: a culture with a chronology of its own

Middle Kingdom, Second Intermediate Period, New Kingdom: Egypt's period names are Egypt's. The site shows them as the museum records word them and does not measure them by the Levant scheme.

Period names as the museum records word them

The culture’s area per the records

Schematic map: Egypt, Lisht, Deir el-Medina Mediterranean SeaRed SeaBlack SeaLevantAnatoliaMesopotamiaPersiaNileCaspian Sea Egypt Lisht Deir el-Medina Jerusalem Nineveh Alexandria
  • EgyptThe culture’s area per the records
  • LishtFindspot per the record
  • Deir el-MedinaFindspot per the record

Schematic map: simplified coastlines, not to scale; positions follow the cited records.

Move through the periods

Its place on the timeline

Objects on the region's period scheme

On this site the culture is not tied to one period or a run of periods in the regional scheme. Each object is placed on the scheme on its own page, by its own record; here the objects are ordered by the dates the museums give.

A timeline of its own, not the Levant's

The site's Levant periods (Bronze, Iron, Persian) are a definition by a particular authority for a particular space. Egypt was divided differently: Old, Middle and New Kingdoms, intermediate periods and dynasties. According to the Met's curatorial chronology, the Middle Kingdom is about 2030 to 1640 BCE, the Second Intermediate Period 1640 to 1550, and the New Kingdom 1550 to 1070. Source 1. On the site's timeline Egypt has a period scheme of its own, following that curatorial chronology; objects are placed in it by the period name in their record, not by the Levant scheme.

Two objects, two tombs

A scarab amulet of glazed faience, one centimetre long, was found in the Museum's excavations at South Lisht, in the tomb of Senwosretankh, and is dated in the record to the Middle Kingdom, about 1981 to 1640 BCE. Source 2. A limestone shabti, 22.5 cm high, was found in the tomb of Sennedjem (TT 1) at Deir el-Medina and is dated to the New Kingdom, Ramesside period, about 1290 to 1224 BCE. Source 3. Both are held by the Met; the scarab's record has no open image, so its page uses a text frame.

Objects for the afterlife, not human remains

Amulets and shabtis are objects placed with the dead. The site shows them and reports what the record says; it does not show human remains and does not describe a mummy as an "exhibit". The article on human remains in museums explains that distinction through the British Museum's written policy, and the reading trail "Objects for the afterlife" moves between the two objects and the article.

A bridge to an object from the Levant

Another scarab on the site, with a crocodile-headed figure, is recorded by the museum as "From Canaan, Levant" and dated by the Egyptian Dynasty 15, about 1640 to 1550 BCE. Source 4. It is not attributed here to the culture of Egypt: findspot, dating scheme and culture are three separate questions, and the object stays in the Levant region, placed in the Bronze Age by its numeric range.

Source

Sources and further reading

The research and references behind this page. Rights to external content remain with their owners.

  1. 1 Egypt, 2000–1000 B.C. (Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History, chronology)

    The Metropolitan Museum of Art · Checked

  2. 2 Scarab Amulet, collection record 33.1.50

    The Metropolitan Museum of Art · Checked

  3. 3 Shabti, Tomb of Sennedjem (TT 1), collection record 86.1.23

    The Metropolitan Museum of Art · Checked

  4. 4 Scarab with a Crocodile Headed Figure Holding a Flower, collection record 10.130.398

    The Metropolitan Museum of Art · Checked

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