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Selected case studies and useful reading questions: what was found, how was it studied and what follows from the evidence?
The articles and guides here connect case studies with methods: layers and dating, critical reading, pottery, coins, inscriptions and raw materials. Choose a question, then follow the sources and related reading. Checking an abstract is never presented as reviewing an entire paper.
The Met's timeline mentions Abu Mena twice: as a Christian pilgrimage destination in the early sixth century, and as a complex restored around 750, under Arab rule. What those two sentences show about continuity, and what they do not.
The Met's timeline places the founding of al-Fustat in the event of the Arab conquest of Egypt, 639-642, and UNESCO gives it the year 642. What the sources say about a garrison town, and what they leave open.
The congregational mosque that Ahmad ibn Tulun commissioned in 876-879 is described in the sources as influenced by Abbasid examples in Iraq. How to read such a claim without turning influence into copying, and without confusing the original building with a rebuilt minaret.
3 min read, approximately
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